In Cold Blood Paper Ap English

At What Cost? â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. I think, in a way, it did kill me. † Truman Capote learned his own hard lesson that â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers than unanswered ones† in writing In Cold Blood. Capote’s interest in writing an article on his fascination over the impact of brutal, senseless murders in a rural community rapidly transforms into pure obsession to write a novel that would revolutionize the literary world.This leads him to significantly change his behavior in a destructive manner and ultimately this negatively impacts his life. In the movie Capote, Truman blithely told Alvin Dewey, the lead investigator, â€Å"It really doesn’t make any difference to me if the case is ever solved or not. † His intentions going to Holcomb, Kansas were to produce an article that examined the e ffects of a brutal, senseless killing of the Clutter family on an unknown rural community.The community was inflicted with insomnia, loss of faith and trust, and suspicion which first attracted Truman to Holcomb, Kansas to write an article. Capote states â€Å"they believed that the murdered was among themselves† (Capote 88). Capote and his close novelist friend, Harper Lee, quickly forge relationships with the community to obtain stories from them. However one sees, as both the story and movie progress, Capote becomes more intrigued by the actual case, especially after meeting the murderers, developing an emotional connection with them.Capote’s literary aspirations to write an article on the impact of these murders to this community change after he meets with the detained killers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. Capote fosters a close, warped friendship with Smith. Capote is now entrenched into the bowels of the details of the murders and in the mind of Smith so he deci des that he must write a novel. His goal is to now publish an award winning non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood. Capote’s motives are now altered and he will do whatever it takes to write a critically acclaimed novel.After Smith and Hickock are sentenced to death, Capote realizes for his novel to be a success that he needs to keep them off of death row as long as possible so that he can obtain all possible gruesome details and their inner thoughts. To do this, Capote decides to hire them high- powered lawyers. He begins to relate with Smith on a personal level to get all important details for his novel and he actually allows himself to become psychologically attached. Capote and Smith shared similar troubled childhoods as they both were neglected by reckless mothers.He realizes that he could have become like Smith and no longer sees Smith as a monster. By personally connecting with Smith is a twisted way, Capote becomes obsessed with the whole case and it changes his behavior an d his life. Capote reveals several character flaws in his pursuit of writing an award winning novel. He quickly learns to lie to obtain information and does not seem to have any issue in exaggerating facts or even manipulating those that he is interviewing. An example of this behavior is when Smith confronts Capote about the title of his book and Capote lies stating that his editor named the book.He even stoops to unethical behavior when he bribes a prison warden at Leavenworth with money so that he has unlimited access to meet with Smith. It was callous knowing that Capote was on precipice of his utmost success in his career as Smith says goodbye to Capote as he heads to his hanging death. In the movie, Capote begins to neglect the people he cares about to do whatever it takes to get the details for his novel. He convinces himself that he is just being a good friend to Smith who is in need.It portrays his true selfishness and his destructive motivations that lead him to no longer l isten to those he loves and trusts. Capote rejects the wisdom of his long-term friend, Harper Lee and even of his male companion back in New York City. His male lover warns him to be careful what he does and what he does to get it. Harper Lee, his friend and associate is disgusted at Capote when he states that there was not anything that he could do to save Smith and Hickock. She replied that that fact is that he really did not want to.He unfortunately is blinded by his own ambitions and does not want to admit that he is using others around him to reach his goal. His self-centered choices negatively impact his inner-soul. The writing of this novel, In Cold Blood, changes Capote forever; it was the peak of his career that over time turns on him and escalates out of control. The movie concludes with a quote from an unfinished book â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers that unanswered ones. † Capote should have heeded the advice of his closest friend and lover.He did w hatever he had to do to get what he wanted: a story that would revolutionize the literary world. At first, he befriends Smith to use him to get his story, however he later becomes emotionally attached and actually finds a friend. Capote got his story from Smith but at what cost? His novel changed the literary world but after all, he loses a friend and even himself. â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. I think, in a way, it did kill me. † In Cold Blood Paper Ap English At What Cost? â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. I think, in a way, it did kill me. † Truman Capote learned his own hard lesson that â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers than unanswered ones† in writing In Cold Blood. Capote’s interest in writing an article on his fascination over the impact of brutal, senseless murders in a rural community rapidly transforms into pure obsession to write a novel that would revolutionize the literary world.This leads him to significantly change his behavior in a destructive manner and ultimately this negatively impacts his life. In the movie Capote, Truman blithely told Alvin Dewey, the lead investigator, â€Å"It really doesn’t make any difference to me if the case is ever solved or not. † His intentions going to Holcomb, Kansas were to produce an article that examined the e ffects of a brutal, senseless killing of the Clutter family on an unknown rural community.The community was inflicted with insomnia, loss of faith and trust, and suspicion which first attracted Truman to Holcomb, Kansas to write an article. Capote states â€Å"they believed that the murdered was among themselves† (Capote 88). Capote and his close novelist friend, Harper Lee, quickly forge relationships with the community to obtain stories from them. However one sees, as both the story and movie progress, Capote becomes more intrigued by the actual case, especially after meeting the murderers, developing an emotional connection with them.Capote’s literary aspirations to write an article on the impact of these murders to this community change after he meets with the detained killers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. Capote fosters a close, warped friendship with Smith. Capote is now entrenched into the bowels of the details of the murders and in the mind of Smith so he deci des that he must write a novel. His goal is to now publish an award winning non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood. Capote’s motives are now altered and he will do whatever it takes to write a critically acclaimed novel.After Smith and Hickock are sentenced to death, Capote realizes for his novel to be a success that he needs to keep them off of death row as long as possible so that he can obtain all possible gruesome details and their inner thoughts. To do this, Capote decides to hire them high- powered lawyers. He begins to relate with Smith on a personal level to get all important details for his novel and he actually allows himself to become psychologically attached. Capote and Smith shared similar troubled childhoods as they both were neglected by reckless mothers.He realizes that he could have become like Smith and no longer sees Smith as a monster. By personally connecting with Smith is a twisted way, Capote becomes obsessed with the whole case and it changes his behavior an d his life. Capote reveals several character flaws in his pursuit of writing an award winning novel. He quickly learns to lie to obtain information and does not seem to have any issue in exaggerating facts or even manipulating those that he is interviewing. An example of this behavior is when Smith confronts Capote about the title of his book and Capote lies stating that his editor named the book.He even stoops to unethical behavior when he bribes a prison warden at Leavenworth with money so that he has unlimited access to meet with Smith. It was callous knowing that Capote was on precipice of his utmost success in his career as Smith says goodbye to Capote as he heads to his hanging death. In the movie, Capote begins to neglect the people he cares about to do whatever it takes to get the details for his novel. He convinces himself that he is just being a good friend to Smith who is in need.It portrays his true selfishness and his destructive motivations that lead him to no longer l isten to those he loves and trusts. Capote rejects the wisdom of his long-term friend, Harper Lee and even of his male companion back in New York City. His male lover warns him to be careful what he does and what he does to get it. Harper Lee, his friend and associate is disgusted at Capote when he states that there was not anything that he could do to save Smith and Hickock. She replied that that fact is that he really did not want to.He unfortunately is blinded by his own ambitions and does not want to admit that he is using others around him to reach his goal. His self-centered choices negatively impact his inner-soul. The writing of this novel, In Cold Blood, changes Capote forever; it was the peak of his career that over time turns on him and escalates out of control. The movie concludes with a quote from an unfinished book â€Å"More tears are shed over answered prayers that unanswered ones. † Capote should have heeded the advice of his closest friend and lover.He did w hatever he had to do to get what he wanted: a story that would revolutionize the literary world. At first, he befriends Smith to use him to get his story, however he later becomes emotionally attached and actually finds a friend. Capote got his story from Smith but at what cost? His novel changed the literary world but after all, he loses a friend and even himself. â€Å"No one will ever know what In Cold Blood took out of me,† Capote once said. â€Å"It scraped me right down to the marrow of my bones. It nearly killed me. I think, in a way, it did kill me. †

Positive and Negative Impact of Genetically Modified Food Essay

Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides. In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. All GM foods should be assessed before being allowed on the market. FAO/WHO Codex guidelines exist for risk analysis of GM food. Positive and Negative Impacts Genetically Modified Food Has on the World The term ‘genetically modified food’, also known as ‘genetically modified organisms’, is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. The reason these plants are being modified today is to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides (pesticides used to kill unwanted plants) or improved nutritional content. In order to create these genetically modified foods, scientists must introduce specific changes to their DNA by using extremely precise genetic engineering techniques. While there are some benefits that genetically modified foods may offer, there are also some risks and negative affects that these foods can cause as well. Genetically modified foods have been helpful in many aspects of the world. Firstly, they have the ability to help meet the growing demands for food supply as the world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years or so. Ensuring enough food supply for this booming population is going to be a major struggle in years to come, and genetically modified foods will help do this in a number of ways. For example, crop losses from insect pests can be shocking, resulting in devastating financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. By growing genetically modified foods such as B.T. corn, farmers can help eliminate the production of chemical pesticides that cause potential health hazards, and there will be higher crop yields that many experts argue can help to feed people in these countries. In addition to this, plants can be genetically modified to be resistant to bacterial, fungal or viral infestation. For example, sweet potatoes have been modified to improve viral resistance, and bananas have been modified to resist the Black Sigatoka fungus. Growing genetically modified foods will therefore lead to less†¦ [continues] Harmful Effects of the Agent Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) are a broad group of plants, animals, and bacteria that are engineered for a wide variety of applications ranging from agricultural production to scientific research. The types of potential hazards posed by GMO’s vary according to the type of organism being modified and its intended application. Most of the concern surrounding GMO’s relates to their potential for negative effects on the environment and human health. Because GMO’s that could directly effect human health are primarily products that can enter the human food supply, this website focuses on genetically modified food. To date, the only types of products that have been approved for human consumption in the U.S. are genetically modified plants (FDA website). All genetically modified foods that have been approved are considered by the government to be as safe as their traditional counterparts and are generally unregulated (FDA website). However, there are seve ral types of potential health effects that could result from the insertion of a novel gene into an organism. Health effects of primary concern to safety assessors are production of new allergens, increased toxicity, decreased nutrition, and antibiotic resistance (Bernstein et al., 2003). Food Allergy Food Allergy affects approximately 5% of children and 2% of adults in the U.S. and is a significant public health threat (Bakshi, 2003). Allergic reactions in humans occur when a normally harmless protein enters the body and stimulates an immune response (Bernstein et al., 2003). If the novel protein in a GM food comes from a source that is know to cause allergies in humans or a source that has never been consumed as human food, the concern that the protein could elicit an immune response in humans increases. Although no allergic reactions to GM food by consumers have been confirmed, in vitro evidence suggesting that some GM products could cause an allergic reaction has motivated biotechnology companies to discontinue their development (Bakshi, 2003). Increased Toxicity Most plants produce substances that are toxic to humans. Most of the plants that humans consume produce toxins at levels low enough that they do not produce any adverse health effects. There is concern that inserting an exotic gene into a plant could cause it to produce toxins at higher levels that could be dangerous to humans. This could happen through the process of inserting the gene into the plant. If other genes in the plant become damaged during the insertion process it could cause the plant to alter its production of toxins. Alternatively, the new gene could interfere with a metabolic pathway causing a stressed plant to produce more toxins in response. Although these effects have not been observed in GM plants, they have been observed through conventional breeding methods creating a safety concern for GM plants. For example, potatoes conventionally bred for increased diseased resistance have produced higher levels of glycoalkaloids (GEO-PIE website). Decreased Nutritional Value A genetically modified plant could theoretically have lower nutritional quality than its traditional counterpart by making nutrients unavailable or indigestible to humans. For example, phytate is a compound common in seeds and grains that binds with minerals and makes them unavailable to humans. An inserted gene could cause a plant to produce higher levels of phytate decreasing the mineral nutritional value of the plant (GEO-PIE). Another example comes from a study showing that a strain of genetically modified soybean produced lower levels of phytoestrogen compounds, believed to protect against heart disease and cancer, than traditional soybeans (Bakshi, 2003). Antibiotic resistance In recent years health professionals have become alarmed by the increasing number of bacterial strains that are showing resistance to antibiotics. Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by creating antibiotic resistance genes through natural mutation. Biotechnologists use antibiotic resistance genes as selectable markers when inserting new genes into plants. In the early stages of the process scientists do not know if the target plant will incorporate the new gene into its genome. By attaching the desired gene to an antibiotic resistance gene the new GM plant can be tested by growing it in a solution containing the corresponding antibiotic. If the plant survives scientists know that it has taken up the antibiotic resistance gene along with the desired gene. There is concern that bacteria living in the guts of humans and animals could pick up an antibiotic resistance gene from a GM plant before the DNA becomes completely digested (GEO-PIE website). It is not clear what sort of ris k the possibility of conferring antibiotic resistance to bacteria presents. No one has ever observed bacteria incorporating new DNA from the digestive system under controlled laboratory conditions. The two types of antibiotic resistance genes used by biotechnologists are ones that already exist in bacteria in nature so the process would not introduce new antibiotic resistance to bacteria. Never the less it is a concern and the FDA is encouraging biotechnologists to phase out the practice of using antibiotic resistance genes (GEO-PIE website).

Corporate Culture at Apple

Corporate Culture at Apple Apple has a very secretive corporate culture. Often employees will choose not to speak out about apple until they are no longer employed there. Apple goes to greater lengths than any other company in the valley to protect its creative and intellectual environment. Apple’s security policy extends to blogs, speaking engagements, and even what people talk about with spouses. Most employees get the policies and respect them as well.The New York times reported that the company’s veil of secrecy began to take shape around the release og the original Macintosh back in 1984. Employees working on secret projects at Apple have to pass through a maze of security doors, swiping their badges again and again and finally entering a numeric code to reach their offices. Once inside the top secret areas, employees are often monitored by surveillance cameras as they work. Those working on more sensitive projects are allegedly instructed to â€Å"cover up device s with black cloaks when they are working on them. A former Apple marketing manager described the company’s â€Å"controlled leaks,† whick he said the company sometimes relies upon to gauge public reaction, confuse competitors, or encourage partners. I also came across an article where the former CEO of Apple’s big Israel acquisition Anobit shares his experiences of Apple culture. Ariel Maislos said â€Å"They say that Intel is full of paranoids, but at Apple, ‘they’ really are after you. † He worked at Apple for about a year after Apple acquired Anobit in December 2011.Maislos left Apple for what was said to be personal reasons. Maislos was also very familiar with Intel’s culture as well. While Intel engineers are given assignments and are rewarded for ingenuity and creativity, he said it’s a given at Apple that engineers will be at the top of their game. He said â€Å"At Apple, you have to run ahead just to stay in place, and there are very high expectations of everyone. Apple expects everything to be amazing. †

Russell and Bromley Retirment Homes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russell and Bromley Retirment Homes - Essay Example The main emphasis of the contemporary literature on operations management is on both human and technical aspects (Chase, et.al 2001). This means that needs of human beings are to be identified in order to better understand and solve the management problems. The main issues that can be easily identified are cleanliness, parking and meal issues. Another important problem is that the house keeper is aiming to keep the area manager happy instead of focusing on people. This is a grave problem and without solving this problem there is little hope for any kind of improvement. If managers are busy in satisfying their superiors rather than customers then it will adversely affect the business because the needs of the customers will be ignored (Klenke, K. 2008). The case study of Russell and Bromley Retirement Homes also shows lack of trust and confidence in the leadership of the house keeper. The residents are also not happy because there needs are not met. The unhappiness of the resident is t he consequence of the lack of leadership of the house keeper. A proper restructuring and redesigning of operations is required in order to improve the situation of the retirement home. Parking problem and meal issues can be resolved by properly defining tasks and changing the current process of servicing residents. Question 1(a) The definition of quality is often debated by management scholars. It will be useful to identify the different approaches used to define quality. There is a user based approach of quality which says that product or service should be without any error. This gives a perspective of quality from the end consumers of the product or service. Product based approach of quality argues that quality is providing perfect goods or services with particular characteristics. Then there is value based approach, manufacturing based approach and transcendent approach defines quality in terms of value, error free product or service and internal excellence respectively (Slack, C hambers & Johnson, 2010). All these approaches are valid and all of them give different perspective on quality. But however we will have to define quality in a general way too. Quality, in simplest of ways, is measured by degree of satisfaction which consumers derive from product or services (CBS Interactive Business Network, 2003). This definition is perfect with regards to the retirement home because perception of quality of the residents is not so positive. The key aspects of quality in Russell and Bromley Retirement Homes are cleanliness, timely meals, proper space for mobility, regular checkups and health care for retirees and cosy living conditions. All these can be considered as important aspects of quality. There are both implicit and explicit services that are related to the retirement home. Implicit services are those that have psychological effect like attitude of the cook or house keeper towards them and explicit services are those services that are visible to the consum ers like cleanliness and good and diverse menu (Fitzsimmons & Fitzsimmons, 2007). The quality of both implicit and explicit services is important for the retirement home. Question 1(b) The quality assessment tool which will be perfect for assessing quality or perception of quality in the retirement home is short face to face interviews or surveys. These two are the best because quality in the retirement home can only be defined in terms of customer satisfaction. It is the consumer perception of the

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets - Essay Example In this article, I will analyze the current money neutrality and the creation of reserve without money creation as per the central banking systems. Money neutrality Numerous economics students have been taught the theory of money neutrality and its effect on how people consider the issue of monetary policy. The implications of money neutrality may be summarized as follows: in the long run, the growth of money ought to be neutral in its impact on the production growth rate and ought to affect the inflation rate. The earliest canonical works on the neutrality of money stated the superiority of monetary policy regulations that enabled the participants in the market to envisage the future money supplies. There were no debates in these abstract models for the necessity of an institution like a central bank that may be used to take the actions to apply a policy based on rules (Cecchetti 42). There were also no differences identified between the central bank’s liabilities and money. Theoretically, the gap between the inflation variables and the central bank variables (M1 and M2) are under the transmission mechanism, which is a monetary theory. The Federal Reserve utilizes the open market to withdraw or inject commercial bank reserves. The banks then create money through money multiplier. In a nutshell, banks react to the injection of extra reserves by developing loans that are financed with monetary liabilities like savings deposits and checking (Cecchetti 104). The money multiplier calculates the final adjustment in the supply of money that would be caused by a certain change in the monetary base. Irrespective of the money multiplier value, as long as it is stable, a certain percentage increase in the monetary base would cause a similar percentage increase in money. Therefore, the theory of money multiplier is a brief means of tying a policy rule under the central bank control with inflation and money. Creation of reserve without money The application of the c oncepts of the money multiplier and money neutrality have made a number of Federal Reserve observers argue that the present financial crisis has been caused by the possible result of inflation. For instance, the Financial Times, Martin Feldstein argued that when the economy starts to recuperate, the Federal Reserve will have to lessen the stock money and prevent the high volume of excess reserves in the banks from creating credit and money explosion. The negative money multiplier may be explained by liquidity creation. For instance, from 1981 to 2006, the average credit market assets that the US financial institutions hold have increased by $ 32.3 trillion. Commercial bank reserves that have been held as deposits by the Federal Reserve had reduced by $ 6.5 billion within the same period (Cecchetti 56). In 2006, the total commercial bank reserves in the Federal Reserve were only $18.7 billion. This amount was less than the equivalent amount that was held in banks, in 1951. It is quit e clear that not only have the financial institutions depended on a rise in reserves held at the Federal Reserve to increase credit they have also increased credit by 744 percent as the reserves diminished. Therefore, the subsidiary money multiplier of the augmented bank reserves has been either irrelevant or highly negative. The following figure indicates the

Family System Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Family System Theory - Essay Example The family therapist, as his profession is known by this name, was born in Argentina and the main achievement of the man is in his work of Structural Family Therapy. The main idea of the structure is decipher the kind of relationships that are found among the family members and psychological patterns of each of them. Communication and understanding among the members of a family are deeply influenced by the psychological differences, which are commonly found in them. Salvador Minuchin has tried to come to some conclusions about what are the common types of psychological patterns that can be found in any family. His researches have helped the sociologists to get solutions to many questions, which were not yet answered before Minuchin’s arrival. (Anderson and Sabatelli, 1999; Minuchin, 1974) Minuchin’s great work Families and Family Therapy begins with an account of a conversation between Minuchin himself and a character named Mr. Smith. What we find in this conversation is Minuchin’s way to solve the problems inside a family. Mr. Smith fails to detect with whom he has problems in the family. It is true that the whole family matter upsets him but he cannot point the individual for whom he feels uncomfortable. Minuchin’s way of treating people belonging to families is based on the understanding of the situation in which the concerned person is. Nothing can be done without knowing the whole structure of the family where the person belongs. So the basic thing of family system theory is obviously the environment, which has been woven by the contributions of each of the family members. Minuchin shows in his theory that a family man or a woman should never be treated as an individual if someone is trying to solve the family problem. In these cases the man or the woman is actually a part of a social group, which is well defined. A family can be taken as the unit for the society and this is why treatment basing

MHE507 - Bio-Terrorism Module 2 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MHE507 - Bio-Terrorism Module 2 SLP - Essay Example All the means of bioterrorism identified had been considered ‘harmful’ before the attacks issued. During and after the attacks had been identified, the public had blurred the distinction between the harmful and the safe. Nowadays, people fear that everything around them can be used against them. This philosophy has led to negative feedbacks that controlled experiments about weapons of mass destruction earned. The mass fears that (1) the researches would eventually lead to more dangerous weapons, (2) the research is done to further taunt them, and that (3) the scientists are working towards a malicious goal. Any attack, be is large or small, should be considered as a potential attack, bearing in mind that even the simplest attack can lead to more hazardous ones. As a preliminary precaution, the statistics and facts involving the nature of the attack should be studied, and correspondence should be kept at all costs. â€Å"A look at the facts surrounding the outbreak to determine if anything seems unusual or indicative of bioterrorism should suffice (Pavlin, 1999).† The probability of an attack leading to an outbreak should not be overlooked, and at the first sign of an attack all systems should already be ready for surveillance. There are endless cases of possible attacks, ranging from endemic disease outbreak, reemergence of an old disease, the creation of new diseases, laboratory misfortunes to international attack. The researchers involved in the identification of which of the above-mentioned is the case at a certain attack should be able to observe the symptoms of the attack as well as the events that led to it to determine possible cause of administration. According to Pavlin (1999): The cause of a disease or even the occurrence of something unusual may be very difficult to determine, especially if the initial cases are few. Surveillance needs to be more than routine. Not only

NASCAR Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NASCAR Diversity - Essay Example For more than a decade now, the company still lacks the proper policies and strategies that can adequately enhance diversity. According to Kusz (81) NASCAL has been using a â€Å"Southern Strategy† in its undertakings. According to Canas and Sondak (134) â€Å"NASCAL was born in a time when racial segregation and discrimination was being experienced in every part of the American culture.† This means that the problem of racial discrimination in NASCAL was likely to be experienced in the organization from day one. The organization was initially founded by the southerners in a very racial diverse region. However, this did not help solve the diversity problem since in a seventy year history of NASCAL; only one African American driver ever gained victory in a racing event. Wendell Scott was that driver. Even though Scott had won several other races he was declared to have won just once in his entire career. This is because some of the track owners â€Å"did not want a black man kissing the track queen in victory Lane† (Canas and Sondak 134). Diversity problem in NASCAL therefore is a problem right from the founding of the company. The management of the company, sponsors as well as the aud ience formed the basis of discrimination of the African American drivers as well as the women drivers. Scott as the first African American driver â€Å"was booed by fans when his car broke down in his first race for NASCAL† (Canas and Sondak 134). It is from such incidences that the sponsors would not want anything to do with the African American drivers since they are despised by the fans. The company would therefore be forced not to involve the African American drivers in major leagues. Today, there are still very few African American drivers in NASCAL with â€Å"only five blacks to have started a handful of races since 1986† (Canas and Sondak 134). This has been attributed by different scholars of the world to the insufficient funding following the fact that the NASCAL team

Research paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Research paper - Case Study Example For each of these diseases a physical examination will have to be done to achieve a proper diagnosis of each. A 16-year-old female presented with her mother at the doctor’s office. The patient states that the following subjective symptoms that are bothering her are that she feels extremely tired and fatigued. She has a lack of appetite. She appears to have ‘tomato red cheeks’ as if someone slapped her. She also states that she has had a fever for the past 24 hours. This is according to the mother for she sais that she gave her daughter Tylenol for the fever it was effective for a short while, but fever comes back. They also share that they just moved to California three months ago. The patient also states that she began working for a preschool as a teacher’s helper and that no child is present with any rashes. Patient also states that she has had her period (menses) one week ago. Her mother asks a question about her own health for she happens to be five months pregnant. The three differential diagnoses that this patient could be suffering from are Mononucleosis, Fifth Disease, and Kawasaki’s Disease. This 16 year old female is exhibiting prodromal symptoms (symptoms that occur before the actual onset of the disease) of these three diseases. Diagnosis- Characterized by malaise, anorexia, chills and fever which is a prodromal symptom, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. Occasionally the disorder comes on abruptly with high fever. Seek help when severe pharyngitis lasts for five to seven days. Only 90% of patients suffer from lymphadenopathy even though the patient shows no signs at this moment. Rashes that appear look like Rubella when it may appear. Screening- Most persons during adolescence and young adulthood and in the upper socioeconomic classes in developed countries. Relatively asymptomatic when it occurs during childhood and confers complete immunity to

Queer culture from the 19th century through modern times Term Paper

Queer culture from the 19th century through modern times - Term Paper Example Notions of identity, freedom, and autonomy have marked the recent intellectual era. These serve as the as the fundamental and dominant principles and ideologies that underlie liberalism in the society. These ideals necessitate acceptance and respect towards a person’s subjectivity and dignity. However, human experiences are suffused with struggles for equality, rights and acceptance. Stories of oppression and subjugation of gays, lesbians, women, people of color and others have posed a question regarding the authenticity of the notion of the public sphere - the arena wherein equals meet, and where peers encounter. Thus, the search for the person within the public sphere has led to a gamut of discourses centering on the person, or focusing on the public sphere or in combination of - who is the person? and what is the public sphere? In the context of continued struggle of gays for acceptance and freedom, this study will be dealing with queer theory, focusing on gay literature. I t will assert the proposition that queer theory is one of the most viable approaches in explaining the current predicament of gay persons as they reaffirm facets of humanity that have been long denied as an authentic expression of being human. As such, the study aims to show the gay community’s struggle for equality in society as their plight is marked by marginalization, shame, discrimination and exclusion. Queer theory denotes a sense of difference or strangeness.2 The researcher acknowledges that queer theory can be learned from different perspectives, and that gay literatures provide valuable and particular view of queer theory rooted in gays’ experiences, articulations and existence in the world. 3 In light of this, the study will use genealogical methodology as it traces the historical underpinnings of queer theory from 19th century to the present. This is done with the supposition that the struggles, which queer theory seeks to explain, are rooted in centuries o f suppression as experienced by homosexuals. In addition, this study is significant, as it will attempt to clarify queer theory. The research will have the following structure. The first part is the introduction, which presents the topic of the research, the methodology use for research, the structure of the paper, and the probable outcome of the study. The following part will deal with the discussion of queer theory from the 19th century to the present. The first sub section will deal with the evolution of the terms ‘homosexual and gay’ focusing on the 19th century use of the terms. The second sub-section will deal with the 19th century status of homosexuals and the underlining factors that contributed to their predicament. The third part will deal with the first half of the 20th century situation of gay culture and the fourth part will be focusing on the second half of the 20th century with emphasis on gay liberation and other dynamic changes during this period. Final ly, the third and last part of the research deals with the critical analysis of the subject matter of the research. In this part, an analysis of the findings of the study will be undertaken. In the end, it is the hope of the researcher that this research may help dispel the notion that one of the definitive attributes of a person’s humanity is the construed gender and attach sexuality to person’s biological makeup. Queer Theory: 19th century to the Present Although this research does not address narratives about homosexuality prior to the 19th, it does not mean they did not exist prior to 19th century. Instead, aside from reasons of limitations in the research, the 19th century discussions of homosexuality pave the way for the modern understanding of homosexuality, thus, creating a break in the understanding of homosexuality and homosexuals. 4 The modern discourse has created and offered new approaches in understanding gay oppression as it establishes fresh viewpoints of homosexuality. In this regard, I will be undertaking a genealogy of queer theory f

Adaptive effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Adaptive effectiveness Essay The business environment is dynamic and changes constantly thus making it complex. As a result, our understanding of the environment and ability to predict its response to management actions becomes limited. In conjunction with the changing social values, a knowledge gap emerges which results in ambiguity regarding the most appropriate way to manage an organization. Despite the ambiguity, managers have to make decisions and implement organizational plans. An adaptive model of management therefore comes into perspective in providing a proper way for managers to proceed sensibly with their decisions and plans in the face of uncertainties (Nyberg, 1999). An adaptive model of management can be valuable to organizations in testing, refining and improving their policies and objectives. Despite the fact that development and implementation of organizational policies and objectives is based on the best available information and expertise, the organization is required to implement numerous new and experimental strategies. See more:  Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay In such situations, the organization is faced with questions regarding how best to implement the strategies such that they are aligned with its objectives and the best actions for the implementation (Nyberg, 1999). In addressing such questions effectively, an adaptive model offers the most appropriate approach. An adaptive model of management entails â€Å"integration of design, management, and monitoring to systematically test assumptions in order to adapt and learn† (Salafsky, Margoluis Redford, 2001). A comprehensive research is incorporated into conservation action to ensure the model is effective and produces best results. Moreover, the model seeks to use management intercession as a tool to examine the functioning of the ecosystem through testing of its key hypothesis (Resilience Alliance, 2010). Uncertainties are first identified and methodologies for testing their hypotheses are established. In addition to management being utilized as a tool for changing the system, it is also used as a tool for learning about the system. This paper seeks to explore the Model of Accessing Adaptive Effectiveness in organizations and its role in the realization of organizational success. The appreciative inquiry approach, a technique that supplements the adaptive model, will be examined as a result of its influence on organizational changes. Moreover, in probing the adaptive model, business impact assessment is crucial in evaluating the changes realized and their effects on the organization’s position. This paper will therefore examine the features of this model and its impact on organizational changes.

Greek Influence on Western Literature Essay Example for Free

Greek Influence on Western Literature Essay Slide One: The plays performed at the Festival of Dionysus represented a completely new performance genre: drama. Plays like Oedipus Rex, Medea, and Antigone laid the groundwork for the great plays to make up the western canon, from Shakespeares Hamlet to Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman. Slide Two: This era also saw the birth and development of a new literary genre: tragedy. In plays like Oedipus Rex, the basic tragic structure in which a character experiences a change from happiness to suffering was codified and refined. In the hands of writers like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, it became a vehicle for the exploration of some of humanitys fundamental fears and questions about existence. You can see the same questions being explored in works by Shakespeare, for example, hundreds of years later. Today, more than 2,000 years later, these plays are still studied by modern tragic playwrights. Slide Three: Finally, the Athenian tragedies were important because they put humans at the center of the story. In the Iliad, for example, the gods are closely involved in the action — they take sides, they intervene on behalf of their heroes, and so on. While gods do appear in these plays, it is the very human protagonists such as Oedipus or Medea who take center stage, and whose actions determine the plot. This change signaled a shift in focus from the supernatural to the human in literature, which would have a profound influence on the Western tradition, particularly after the Middle Ages.

Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction in a Bank

Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction in a Bank Introduction This research is on the effects of employee motivation and job satisfaction to CIMB Bank Berhdad. CIMB Group is the second largest in terms of providing financial services in Malaysia, and is one of the leading banking groups in Southeast Asia today. Listed in the Malysian stock exchange since 1987 the company was formerly known as Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Berhad. The CIMB Group became the third largest company listed on the Malaysian stock exchange on November 20, 2009. During this time its market capitalisation was listed at about a RM46.6 billion, and it also has substantial investments in Indonesia and Thailand with its Bank CIMB Niaga and the CIMB Thai. The CIMB group gives financial products and services which spans different areas in the banking industry. The company does business through its three corporate entities which are the CIMB bank, its investment arm CIMB Investment and an Islamic bank CIMB Islamic. The company provides services to a very diverse customer base. It actually serves everyone from large corporations in the region, local companies, small entrepreneurs, individuals with high profitability, and it even has savings programs concerning pensions for old people and savings accounts for children. CIMB group is a big company that employs 36,000 banking staff and employees. As an indicator of success CIMB groups earnings amounts to 80% of the gross domestic product of the whole ASEAN region and its operations services about 58% of the population in the region. Its retail banking operations have expanded to 1,150 branches making it the largest banking company operating in the region. Problem Statement This research on CIMB BANK BERHAD will identify the factors that affect the motivation and job satisfaction of employees in CIMB BANK BERHAD. This research also seeks to identify the strategies use to ensure employee motivation and job satisfaction and what is its effects. Objectives of the research These objectives pay attention to the problems and objectives that are selected to clarify the intended information and also be able to derive specific information that are not limited by the previous questions. This study intended to get the suitable data to help in building the proper assessment. This includes: To determine methods that CIMB BANK BERHAD practice to inspire or motivate their employees. To determine the accomplished strategies by CIMB BANK BERHAD in giving job satisfaction to their employees. To create an appropriate solution for CIMB BANK BERHAD problems. Scope of the Study The scope of the study is relied on the employees of CIMB BANK BERHAD. This focuses on determine which factors create desirable influence to their employees towards satisfaction. And to know what factors of independent variables that could have the greatest impact on employees satisfaction.-studying the factors that lead to employees loyal with CIMB BANK Significance of the Study This research was created to comprehend the significant factors of employees fulfillment to enable efficiency, quality, service, and loyalty to CIMB BANK. Definition of Terms Job Satisfaction Employee Motivation Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Research Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 H1: This study shows that adequate salary or monetary income plays a major role in allowing employees to be satisfied in their jobs. H0: There is no significant relationship between salary and job satisfaction Hypothesis 2 H1: This study shows that work recognition plays a role to have a sense of importance and motivates employees to work diligently. H0: There is no significant relationship between work recognition and job satisfaction. Hypothesis 3 H1: This study shows giving professional growth to employees such as trainings, seminars, etc. allows employees to have mental growth which they apply to their daily duties as employees. H0: There is no significant relationship between professional growth to employees creativity and development. Literary Review Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory Frederick Herzbergs two factor motivation hygiene theory categorizes incentives as being either hygiene factors or motivators. Hygiene factors are potentially dissatisfiers†factors associated with the job itself but not intrinsic to it. These factors such as salary, job security, administration, interpersonal relations, if not adequate could operate to dissatisfy someone but would not necessarily motivate someone when adequate. On the other hand, motivator-factors are directly intrinsic to the job itself and critical in the process of doing the job, including sense of achievement and recognition by colleagues, level of felt responsibility and empowerment are keys to real motivation (Herzberg, 1959). What is essential to understanding this concept is the distinction made between a motivator and a satisfier. A satisfier is that factor which, when fulfilled, is enough to get the employee to come to work at all. On the upper end, a motivator is that which actively drives the employee to go beyond the minimum standard of simply showing up. Herzberg promoted such concepts as Job Enrichment, Job Enlargement, and Job Rotation as potential motivators that worked well for those operating at the higher levels of Maslows need hierarchy. It is important to keep in mind that once an individual has thoroughly pursued a motivator, it is likely to become a hygiene factor, and the search for motivating factors continues. Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory According to Herzberg, factors causing work satisfaction (motivators) are rather in connection with the content of work, while those causing dissatisfaction (hygiene) are in connection with work environment. Good examples of the first factors are taking responsibility, career advancement, recognition and the possibility to develop (achievement), while salary, status, inter-personal relations, company policy and administration as well as work conditions are examples of factors of dissatisfaction Hull and Read confirm that quality relationships, that key factor in excellence, are dependent on high levels of trust. Yet building trust is a major challenge for many Australian organisations. Research suggests that a trust deficit has emerged. A loss of trust can be devastating to organisational performance. When people no longer have confidence in management, productivity falls, turnover rises, gossip spreads, cynicism sets in, and initiative evaporates. But trust is a long term proposition, the result of countless management decisions made over a long period that help employees feel secure about their own and the organisations future. Like confidence in the quality of our graduates it can be lost in an instant yet take years to regain. Hull and Read suggest that workplace trust has two dimensions â€Å" our views of ourselves (self worth) and our views of others. Hull and Read believe these were sustained in their research. Hull and Read interviewed hundreds of employees at all levels of the selected organizations. From this one central factor emerged â€Å" the quality of relationships at work, which concretely manifests itself in the bond between co-workers, friends and colleagues. They note that there is a relationship between excellent workplaces and how this is shaped by the trust and respect among the employees. But building and maintaining a good working relationship is not easy and it requires cultivating a long lasting connection between the one supervising the group and the groups members. In examining research from the Australian Quality Agency the authors noted that Australian workplace cultures, in their focus on people, differed from other cultures. High quality workplace relationships were, in turn, supported by a number of other factors. Four factors were particularly important. The first was the quality of leadership. In excellent workplaces leaders at all levels were aware of the impact that their behaviour has on the way people feel about the workplace and their job. They recognise that their behaviour sets the example. Leaders who behaved as a captain/coach were particularly valued. These leaders were available providing support when needed but not getting in the way when they were not. Good leaders choose their approach to suit the different needs of their staff, helping out when there was a crisis and allowing trial and learning when there was not. This is in keeping with Australias egalitarian ethos supervisors in excellent workplaces often choose not to display the trappings of their position. Most importantly they inspired trust. The research demonstrated, too, that essential to quality leadership is the communication of clear values that become intrinsic to the way business is done. They influenced the way people related to each other thereby in turn helping to generate the quality working relationships. In this environment the inevitable dilemmas, conflicts and competing priorities can be immediately and openly discussed. In excellent workplaces managers really do practice what they preach. Excellent workplaces, too, are marked by a sense of common goals and objectives where workers support each other and show respect for one another. People have the skills to do their jobs and seek to develop these skills further. They have the confidence to have a say about how the work is done. They are encouraged by a management style that is open to new and different ways of working and values diversity. This is not seen as a way to exercise power but rather to add value. People are encouraged to operate with some autonomy. Of course some managers feel uncomfortable with giving their employees a high degree of independence but it is a feature of excellent workplaces. Excellent workplaces are also safe workplaces, where people care for the well being of their colleagues and are committed to safe practices â€Å" not just formal policies and manuals. In such environments a culture of safety, including the psychological safety of a respectful workplace, develops that all staff are able to share. None of these factors operates in isolation. Together they build a culture that further enhances the quality of working relationships. The research suggests that excellent workplaces must have all fifteen drivers present although they combine in unique ways. There is a form of hierarchy with one set of factors building upon. Adult learners are often characterized as learning-oriented and goal-oriented. Based on the results of this study, these characteristics seemed to be related to the satisfaction-dissatisfaction profiles of e-learners. The most frequently stated satisfying factors were learning-oriented factors such as interesting and relevant learning content, effective teaching methods, instructors expertise, and effective learning activities; and the most frequently stated dissatisfying factors were goal-related factors such as unclear directions or expectations that caused confusion or frustration while trying to accomplish their goals. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Current risk organization theory and standards have the same opinion that risk and taking risk are not necessarily negative for development. Alongside the threat that a risk might entail more often than not this risk situation also provides opportunities. Managing chance through the risk procedure is often seen either as an not obligatory extra, or as only for advanced practitioners, or as just plain wrong. Why is this? This paper draws on human motivation theory (Maslow) and the latest ideas in information science (memetics) to explain the discrepancy. It also proposes practical solutions to promote management of opportunity within the risk process. Maslows hierarchy of needs? seeks to explain human motivation, and proposes a layered series of motivators ranging from survival to self-actualisation. Applying this framework to risk management reveals why individuals and organisations think first about threats, and why they see opportunities as optional extras to be addressed later if at all. Memetics suggests that ideas (or memes?) can be seen as packets of information which self-replicate like genes. According to this theory, the risk is bad? meme appears to be better adapted to the current environment maslows hierarchy of needs diagramthan the risk includes both threat and opportunity? meme. The paper describes how to motivate project teams and organisations to address opportunity based on Maslows theory, and how to enhance the competitiveness of the threat-plus-opportunity meme through memetic engineering. Over ten years ago, a debate arose within the project risk management community concerning the nature of the types of risk to be managed within the scope of the project risk management process (summarised in Hulett etal, 2002). Until then project risk had been seen as exclusively negative, defined in terms of uncertain events which could result in loss, harm, delay, additional cost etc, with risk? being synonymous with threat?. This definition reflected the secular definitions found in non-technical dictionaries (for example Collins, 1979). From the late 1990s project management professionals began to realise that there were other types of uncertainty that mattered. Sometimes good things might occur on a project which would result in saved time or reduced cost, or which would enhance productivity or performance. Such opportunities? could be brought under the existing definition of risk by simply expanding the types of impact to include positive as well as negative effects. This resulted in a change in approach by a number of organisations, including the Project Management Institute (PMI ®). The Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK ® Guide, 2000 Edition) adopted a definition of project risk as an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project objective.? (Project Management Institute, 2000). This broader definition has been retained in the current PMBoK Guide and PMIs Combined Standards Glossary (Project Management Institute, 2004, 2005). It is also reflected in a number of other leading standards, both in the project management area (for example Association for Project Management, 2004, 2006) as well as in more general risk standards (Australian/New Zealand Standard, 2004; Institution of Civil Engineers et al, 2005; Institute of Risk Management et al, 2002; Office of Government Commerce, 2007). The forthcoming ISO risk management standard is also expected to adopt a similar position. The use of the project risk process to manage both upside and downside risk is not only embodied in a wide range of standards, but it has been described in textbooks as good practice? (for example Chapman Ward, 2003; Hillson, 2004; Cooper et al., 2004; Hillson Simon, 2007). There are a number of benefits available to those who include opportunities in the risk process (see figure 1). The first potential explanatory framework for why organisations might find it hard to address opportunities as part of their risk management process comes from the work of Abraham Maslow on human motivation, as encapsulated in his hierarchy of needs? (Maslow, 1943, 1987). He postulated that humans are motivated by the drive to satisfy needs, of which there are a variety of different types. However not all needs are equal, and Maslow arranged the various needs in order of their pre-potence? or influence over people. This ordering is usually represented as a pyramid, with the higher needs? at the top and base needs? at the bottom. There are several alternative versions of Maslows hierarchy of needs, one of which is shown in figure1. A key feature of Maslows hierarchy of needs is his contention that people are driven to satisfy lower needs before higher needs exert any influence. So for example, the most basic needs of air, water, sleep and food must be met first, and are the over-riding concern of each individual, even more important than being safe or feeling self-esteem. Once these are satisfied a person is free to be concerned about other things. As each level of hunger? is met (with literal physical hunger at the lowest level), higher needs emerge which require satisfying. Maslow divided his hierarchy of needs into two groups, with deficiency needs? towards the base, and growth needs? (or being needs?) at the top. Deficiency needs are those which must be satisfied, and without which a person might be said to be deficient or needy?. The individual does not necessarily feel anything positive if these needs are met, but feels anxious if they are not. When these needs are met, they are removed as active drivers of behaviour. Deficiency needs are mostly physical and emotional. Growth needs by contrast are those which add to a person, which are not necessarily required for a healthy existence, but which make a person more fully rounded and complete. This type of need is psychological and spiritual, and they form more enduring and permanent motivators. How is this relevant to the question of why individuals and organisations might find it difficult to implement opportunity management as part of an integrated risk process? Assuming that Maslows hierarchy of needs is as valid for organisational motivation as it is for individuals, this framework would predict a strong preference for actions which satisfy deficiency needs?, and that these would take precedence over actions which target growth needs?. Translating this to the risk domain requires an understanding of which risks relate to the different types of needs. Deficiency needs are about survival, ensuring that the essentials are available to maintain life. In the organisational risk context, this naturally leads to a focus on threats. A threat is any uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, will have an effect on objectives which is negative, unwelcome, harmful, adverse etc. According to Maslow, both individuals and organisations will be motivated to address these risks as the highest priority. For individuals, the concern is to avoid problems, save face, protect ones reputation etc. At the organisational level, this is the realm of business continuity and disaster recovery, which aim to protect the business and ensure corporate survival. Deficiency needs are also addressed by operational risk management and health safety, since these are also about feeding and protecting the corporate organism. At project and tactical levels, the need to tackle deficiency needs is also likely to be strongly influential, with a focus on dealing with threats to achievement of project objectives. By contrast, opportunities would appear in Maslows hierarchy as growth needs, being those uncertainties that, if they occurred, would have a positive, welcome, helpful effect on achievement of objectives. Such growth needs exist in such areas as marketing and business development, as well as strategic decision-making, and they also exist at project level in the form of project opportunities. While these are undoubtedly good things, and in themselves they are clearly worth pursuing, Maslows hierarchy of needs predicts that there is likely to be less motivation to satisfy these higher needs than there is to address more basic deficiencies. In other words, given a limited amount of time, effort or resources (which is the normal situation in most projects), an organisation will be driven to address threats before opportunities. If the environment is perceived as threatening, then the need to remove or minimise threats will always take precedence over the option of exploiting opportunitie s, since the drive to survive is stronger than the attraction of growth. Maslows hierarchy of needs seems to explain why both individuals and organisations are motivated to deal with threats before opportunities, since threats operate at the lower levels of the hierarchy and threaten deficiency needs, whereas opportunities exist at the higher levels and are seen as lower priority. A second useful framework for understanding the current reluctance to adopt an inclusive approach to risk management is the recently-developed hypothesis of memetics (Brodie, 1996; Blackmore, 2000). This wasintroduced by Richard Dawkins as a development of the selfish gene? approach to biology (Dawkins, 1989). Dawkins proposed an extension of this idea, applying it to information theory, postulating the existence of a hypothetical meme? as a self-replicating unit of information, analogous to a gene, which drives human behaviour and culture. From this initial innovation, the ideas of memetics mirror genetics, with such principles as survival of the fittest, competitive adaptation, mutation, replication, propagation etc. Whitty has applied the memetic approach to project management and found it to be a useful paradigm to generate new insights (Whitty, 2005). A meme is defined as a package of informational content, approximating to an idea or concept, which exists in the human brain or mind, and which seeks to replicate by transfer to other brains or minds. It is the basic unit of cultural transmission, and culture can be seen as the sum total of all memes. Clearly there are very many memes currently in existence, all of which are competing for the limited resources of human attention and absorption into current culture. The most successful memes are those which are best adapted to the environment in which they operate, which leads them to replicate and become dominant. Dawkins argues that dominant memes are not necessarily beneficial to human individuals or society, and that harmful memes can take root in the same way that viruses can cause pandemics. The important feature which determines the persistence of a particular memeis its competitive advantage when compared to the other memes against which it competes. Having created this hypothetical framework, it is possible to develop an approach called memetics?, analogous to genetics, to describe how memes operate. The term memetic engineering? can be used to describe attempts to manipulate memes in order to produce a desired outcome. While the basis for memetics is challenged by many as entirely hypothetical and unproven, the memetic paradigm offers useful insights into many aspects of human behaviour and culture, including management of risk. Solutions from Maslow Taking Maslows model first, there are three ways in which an organisation might proceed if it wishes to adopt the broader risk approach including management of opportunities equally alongside threats. Ensure effective threat management. The first is simply to make sure that all the lower-level motivators are fully satisfied all the time, allowing the organisation to move on to the higher levels. In other words, a risk process which deals effectively with threats will result in an organisation which is confident and relaxed, and which feels secure in its ability to handle both foreseen and emergent negative events and circumstances. Once these more basic deficiency needs are met, the organisation will feel free to release energy and resources to address the growth needs represented by opportunities. Develop conscious opportunity management. A positive focus within the organisational culture on the benefits available from proactive management of opportunities will create a motivational force to counter that of the lower-level need to deal with threats. If management express a requirement for projects to identify and capture opportunities, and reward such behaviour visibly, then teams will respond appropriately. Making management of opportunities both explicit and required will maximise the chances of this approach being adopted. By emphasising the value of the higher growth needs, their motivational value can be increased, even if the lower-level deficiency needs are not all met. Practice emotional literacy. Maslows hierarchy of needs is not universally accepted, and some researchers and practitioners believe the linear hierarchy oversimplifies human motivation (for example Wahba Bridgewell, 1976). The reality of human motivation is like to be much more complex. Studies of disadvantaged communities where deficiency needs are clearly unmet often find unexpectedly high levels of contentment and fulfilment, indicative of the higher needs being met. For example the Kingdom of Bhutan is renowned for its high Gross National Happiness (GNH), introduced as a key national measure by King Jigme Singye Wangchuck in 1972 (Kinga et al., 1999), despite its low development status. Maslows hierarchy of needs seems to explain why both individuals and organisations are motivated to deal with threats before opportunities, since threats operate at the lower levels of the hierarchy and threaten deficiency needs, whereas opportunities exist at the higher levels and are seen as lower priority. A second useful framework for understanding the current reluctance to adopt an inclusive approach to risk management is the recently-developed hypothesis of memetics (Brodie, 1996; Blackmore, 2000). This wasintroduced by Richard Dawkins as a development of the selfish gene? approach to biology (Dawkins, 1989). Dawkins proposed an extension of this idea, applying it to information theory, postulating the existence of a hypothetical meme? as a self-replicating unit of information, analogous to a gene, which drives human behaviour and culture. From this initial innovation, the ideas of memetics mirror genetics, with such principles as survival of the fittest, competitive adaptation, mutation, replication, propagation etc. Whitty has applied the memetic approach to project management and found it to be a useful paradigm to generate new insights (Whitty, 2005). A meme is defined as a package of informational content, approximating to an idea or concept, which exists in the human brain or mind, and which seeks to replicate by transfer to other brains or minds. It is the basic unit of cultural transmission, and culture can be seen as the sum total of all memes. Clearly there are very many memes currently in existence, all of which are competing for the limited resources of human attention and absorption into current culture. The most successful memes are those which are best adapted to the environment in which they operate, which leads them to replicate and become dominant. Dawkins argues that dominant memes are not necessarily beneficial to human individuals or society, and that harmful memes can take root in the same way that viruses can cause pandemics. The important feature which determines the persistence of a particular memeis its competitive advantage when compared to the other memes against which it competes. Having created this hypothetical framework, it is possible to develop an approach called memetics?, analogous to genetics, to describe how memes operate. The term memetic engineering? can be used to describe attempts to manipulate memes in order to produce a desired outcome. While the basis for memetics is challenged by many as entirely hypothetical and unproven, the memetic paradigm offers useful insights into many aspects of human behaviour and culture, including management of risk. Solutions from Maslow Theoretical framework, population sample, data collection, data analysis The researcher visited the different libraries for journals, articles and studies needed for the research. The researchers gathered time-series data from different Banking institutions to assure of its validity and consistency. The researchers would also gathered different news and articles regarding the past events that involves or has consistent customer interaction as its main issue. It would tackle evidences of how proper services, awareness serves as the means affect the profit and increase the margin for more clients. The researcher has also researched data of the banks that have similar situations with CIMD The researcher would gather data from 2007-2009 to be able to assure consistency and reliability. This study will took place within CIMB BANK BERHAD in Malaysia. Participants will be selected according to their desire to participate in this study. Narrative data will be generated from all researched studies such as journals, articles, academic references, etc. The data analysis will Quantitative research enables the researcher to generate new theories from gathering descriptive data about the research topic. Quantitative research process involves the result of a certain procedure. The type of qualitative research studies undertaken are ethnographical, which refers to the description of a phenomenon from a cultural group or society, grounded theory, which focuses on real life settings and phenomenological which describes different experiences. Quantitative research is used to identify the specific effect which leads to using statistical evidence and appropriate statistical tools. It is also used for intervention studies and randomized control trials, which is the gold standard, ob servational and cohort studies. The quantitative approach is applicable to smaller sample group to generate rich data. Hopkins (2008) defined quantitative research method in the following words, In quantitative research your aspire is to settle on the relationship flanked by one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent result variable) in a population. Isolated research design is either evocative (subjects usually measured once) or new (subject for assessment before and after a treatment). A evocative study establish only relations between variables.?Hopkins (2008) defined quantitative research method in the following words, In quantitative research your aspire is to settle on the relationship flanked by one thing (an independent variable) different (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. Quantitative research design are either evocative (subjects usually measured once) or new evocative study establish only relations between variables.? RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research methodology used in the study is an analytical survey that measures consumer satisfaction of CIMB BANK BERHAD. The analytical survey through the use of statistics and data measures the correlation of consumer satisfaction with company measures that ensure employee satisfaction and delivers customer service. This research explores the possible correlation of customer satisfaction with factors such as employee motivation, company values, services rendered, and policies affecting its efficiency. In order to carry out the analytical survey, a questionnaire was developed that measures the level of customer satisfaction for CIMB BANK BERHARD, how the company is perceived by costumers, and what factors affect its customer service. The interview recipients of the study were composed of a cross-sectional group that represents different consumers from different age groups, sexes and income level. Interview questions were also distributed among employees and managers of CIMB BANK BERHARD and their response was correlated with the responses culled from the customers of the company. The survey also used open ended questions that is unstructured and which was administered personally by the researcher to ensure rapport, and elicit immediate responses from the interviewees. The data gathered was analyzed by determining the level of customer satisfaction, and what aspect of customer satisfaction cuts across different income and age groups. The survey also analyzed the response of CIMB BANK BERHARD employees and managers to questions pertaining to their role

Surgical Treatment For Morbid Obesity Essay -- Overweight Obese Resear

According to the World Health Organization, globally there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults, and at least 300 million of them are obese. During the last 40 years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions. There are more obese people each year, and the severity is increasing. In the United States alone, 300,000 deaths are associated with obesity. Thesis: Many obese people fail diet after diet. For them, bariatric surgery is an option even though risks are involved (Flancbaum, et al. 7; Goodman par 3; â€Å"The Weight† par 2). Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity is climbing the charts as being a major killer of our population. This paper informs the reader on how bariatric surgery treats the severely obese. Focus is given on who should have bariatric surgery, how the surgery works, risks of bariatric surgery, and what the patient can expect. Bariatric surgery is reserved for people who have been unable to lose weight on professionally managed weight-loss programs and those with obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, or the risk of them. When surgery is an option for weight loss   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best candidates for bariatric surgery are patients who have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, or 35 or greater and associated obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea (see figure 1.1, pg 8 & table 1, pg 6). In terms of pounds, qualifying for surgery estimates to being 100 pounds above ideal body weight. A patient must have also gone through some sort of organized weight loss program in the past, and failed to maintain weight loss (Flancbaum, et al.15). How surgery promotes weight loss Gastrointestinal surgery for obesity, also called bariatric surgery, alters the digestive process. The operations promote weight loss by closing off parts of the stomach to make it smaller. These procedures are referred to as restrictive procedures because they cut down on the amount of food the stomach can hold. These types of procedures are less common due to the complications involved (Flancbaum, et al. 27, 52). The most popular operations combine stomach restriction with a partial bypass of the small intestine. These procedures create a direct connection from the stomach to the lower segment of the small intestine, literally bypassing portions of the digestive tract that absorb calories and nutrients. These are known as malabsorp... ... relation to BMI* BMI  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity Category  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Risks Without Medical Problems  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Risks With Medical Problems Below 19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Underweight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal 19-24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  None  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal 25-29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overweight  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Minimal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate 30-34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High 35-39  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Severely Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very High 40-49  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Morbidly Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very High  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extreme 50+  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Super Obese  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extreme  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very Extreme * Classification based upon World Health Organization; see The Doctor’s Guide to Weight loss Surgery. Table 2: Weight Loss Surgery on Obesity-Related Conditions Condition  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Improved  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Completely Resolved Type II diabetes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  93 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  89 percent Hypertension  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  90 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  66 percent Abnormal blood lipids  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  85 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  70 percent Sleep apnea  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  72 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  40 percent See The Doctor’s Guide to Weight Loss Surgery. Table 3: Complications after Weight Loss Surgery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RYGB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VBG Protein-calorie malnutrition  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Micronutrient & vitamin deficiency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10-20 percent  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Flancbaum L, Belsley S, Drake V, Colarusso T, Tayler E J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Jul-Aug; 10(7):1033-7.

Fractal Geometry :: Mathematics Math Geometric Essays

Fractal Geometry In the past, mathematics has been concerned largely with sets and functions to which the methods of classical calculus could be applied. Sets or functions that are not sufficiently smooth or regular have tended to be named as " pathological" and not worthy of study. They were regarded as individual curiosities and only rarely were thought of as a class to which a general theory might be applicable. However, in recent years this attitude has changed. Irregular sets provide a much better representation of many natural phenomena than do the figures of classical geometry. Fractal geometry provides a general framework for the study of such irregular sets. (Falconer) The word ‘fractal’ was coined in 1975 by mathematician Benoit B. Mandelbrot to describe an intricate-looking set of curves, many of which were not yet seen before the creation of the computer. Fractals often exhibit self-similarity, which means that various copies of an object can be found in the original object a t smaller size scales. This continues for many magnifications – like an endless nesting of Russian dolls within dolls. (Pickover) Fractals appear everywhere in nature, in galaxies and landscapes, in earthquakes and geological cracks, in aggregates and colloids, and even in the human body. Fractal geometry is an important tool in the analysis of phenomena, ranging from rhythms in music melodies to the human heartbeat and DNA sequences. Many professions including, mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, engineering, and biology use fractal geometry. (Bunde) Waclaw Sierpinski was born on March 14, 1882, in Warsaw, Poland. Sierpinski attended the University of Warsaw in 1899, when all classes were taught in Russian. He graduated in 1904 and went on to teach mathematics and physics at a girl's school in Warsaw. He left teaching in 1905 to get his doctorate at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. After receiving his doctorate in 1908, Sierpinski went on to teach at the University of Lvov. During his years at Lvov, he wrote three books and many research papers. These books were The Theory of Irrational numbers (1910), Outline of Set Theory (1912), and The Theory of Numbers (1912). In 1919, Sierpinski accepted a job as a professor at the University of Warsaw, and this is where Waclaw Sierpinski (The Mactutor) he would spend the rest of his life. Throughout his career, Sierpinski wrote 724 papers and an amazing 50 books. Sierpinski studied many areas of mathematics, including, irrational numbers, set theory, fractal geometry, and theory of numbers.

Fight for Freedom in Toni Morrisons The Song of Solomon :: Song of Solomon Essays

Fight for Freedom in Toni Morrison's The Song of Solomon "The scream that boomed down the cave tunnel and woke the bats came just when Macon thought that he had taken his last living breath. The bleeding man turned toward the direction of the scream and looked at the colored girl long enough for Macon to pull out his knife and bring it down the old man's back. He crashed forward, then turned his head to look at them. His mouth moved and he mumbles something that sounds like 'What for?' Macon stabbed him again and again until he stopped moving his mouth, stop trying to talk and stopped jumping and twitching on the ground" (pg. 171). This is an excerpt for the novel The Song of Solomon (1987), by Toni Morrison. Macon one of the main characters, only a child at the time, kills a man whom he thinks is threatening him and his sister's, Pilate, life. After killing the man the two children travel to the man's camp where they discover three bags of gold. Macon also sees, " the dusty boots of his farther" (pg 170). Becoming alarmed, Pilate says, "I t is Papa!". To her cry a voice whispers 'sing, sing'. Macon greedily packs up the gold while Pilate searchers frantically for their farther. After a terrible fight the two separate. Ironically years later they end up living in the same small Michigan town. Macon and Pilate hate and their family secret all the while still grows in differnt directions. Macon moves on with his life and marries Ruth. The couple have three children, Lean, First Corinthians, and Macon who receives the nickname of Milkman. Milkman being interested in Pilate granddaughter, spends a great deal of his childhood at Pilate's house--despite his fathers disapproval. After living at home for the past thirty years Milkman becomes swamped with his family secret. His farther claims that Pilate stole the gold from the man his killed camp sight. And Pilate claims the bag of her 'inheritance' only to be bones. Becoming frustrated, Milkman sets out to find the truth of his family fude. Toni Morrison's mystery novel keeps the readers curiosity,as she write her storyline about the lifestyle of a black society in the 1980's. Within this black society, the people are pursuing their freedom. Toni theme of her novel is freedom, and each character can only obtain their freedom by one of two paths.

Our Daily Life Essay

I have encountered so many things in life; all of them seem to be related to me. In this reflection that you’ll see is all my experience in life that is changing every day. I know I’m not a perfect person but I will share this to you (all readers) to reflect it, not just me or the person beside you. I have this persons in my mind that I want to share, first of is my cousin in my father side; his name is Nunoy â€Å"Nuno† Lapasaran. He has this kind of sickness that he will bring to himself to the future, he is a Special Child. Every day I’m at his house also my father’s house, all day I’m always playing with my other cousin. I recognized his movements every time I go there, he always wearing girl’s clothes for short he is a she. He always flirts on every guy that passes by, even our cousins there. He can also fight other if he’s in danger. This is my observation to his condition; although he is got that sickness, he adopts slowly, it is good news for us. And we are family we protect each other wherever you are, whatever you are and we never broke our bonds to each other. My next subject but the same topic is also my cousin in my mother’s side; his name is Joriz Rosimo. This little guy is really hard to play with because he always pounding us with his fist and always spitting like an ordinary special child will do. To tell you the truth I got carried away with emotion and I just spank his butt, of course he cried out loud and my Tita heard it, and I got rebuked by my Tita and my mother about what I did. For that I just endure all the punches that he will throw at me. I learned many things from it and got to used it in my life right now. To endure all the big problems that will come at me and solved it with my family. I’m not alone in this life, there my family caring, loving us every day. And this is my last reflection to myself. I realize that Every Child is Special, just love them don’t hate them, care for them not to abuse their sickness, teach them, learn from them. I hope that I delivered this reflection very well and to God be the Glory.

Diversity Organizations Essay

For years throughout U.S. history women were not afforded the same rights that men were. Throughout history women were thought of being intellectually inferior to men and a source of evil and temptation (Women’s International Center, 1994). In early America women were not allowed to vote or work outside of their home and were ridiculed when they did. It was the culture of early America that women were to remain behind the men being in a supportive role but not to voice their opinions. Through much suffrage, it was not until 1848 that the women’s movement came to its beginnings. Focusing on the social, civil, and religious condition and rights women at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York began to express their rights and wants. Headed by Elizabeth C. Stanton and Lucretia Mott, it marked a new era for women in the United States. While the right for equality continued and the creation of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) by Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, it brought opposition of the 14th and 15th Amendments (extending citizenship rights and granting voting rights to freedmen) due to its exclusion of women (U.S. Office of Art & Archives, n.d.). By the 1920’s the struggle for equality was answered and the status of women had grown. On August 18, 1920, the right to vote was ratified by the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution affording the right to vote for women. Today, women throughout the U.S. still fight for woman equality through established organizations. The National Organization for Women (a major source of protection on workplace equality and reproductive rights) has been at the forefront in support of women. With the assistance of so many organizations in the fight for women’s rights, that statuses of women are equally more today than that of years passed. Status of women i n United States history today The role and status of women has drastically changed throughout the decades. Women have taken a more responsible role outside of the home in joining the  workforce. From being one-third of the workforce in the late 60’s, they make up more than half of the force in the U.S. today. According to Center for American Progress (2014), women have also gained a considerable role within politics in the country with record numbers serving in congress (para. 1). With the fight to end gender discrimination by big insurance companies, women have solidified their economic security. Constructions of masculinity and femininity seen in society and media As American culture continuously evolves, so do the lines of male and female roles and functions. Society’s view of masculine and feminine roles has become embedded in the minds of people. From an employment standpoint, society views for example that doctors and lawyers are one of a masculine role whereas nurses, teachers or social workers would be more of a feminine role. The media’s portrayal is just as bias to the constructions of masculinity and femininity. An example in modern media would be that tattoos and a considerable amount of muscle mass would be viewed as one of a masculine trait. More often the depictions are movies; music videos and even in magazines. The role of a homemaker has been viewed for example as one of a feminine role. Although the depictions are in the mainstream, it has been a barrier broken down by both men and women taking on varied diverse roles. Status of GLBT people historically The GLBT community, throughout history has faced much discrimination and prejudice. The GLBT community has had it hurdles of being socially acceptable and still does today. In the United States, members of the GLBT community historically were a cultural minority. Through much oppression, the gay liberation movement of the 1970’s brought forth pride marches every June in the United States. During the 80’s socially the status of the GLBT community was decimated by the AIDS epidemic. This led to fear and ridicule being described as the, â€Å"Gay Man’s Cancer†. There has never been a more separation of social status with any other community than of the GLBT community. Status of GLBT people today Although America is widely divided today attitudes are changing rapidly in acceptance of gays and lesbians. With the growing approval of same-sex marriage, basic civil liberties and freedom of expression for the GLBT  community, the trend of greater tolerance is growing. Over the last two decades, same-sex marriage has risen in support with 11% approval in 1988 to 46% approval and rising today. The status of patriotism and service of GLBT members in uniform in the past resulted in the uncomfortable compromise of â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† (Morris, PhD, 2014). This crusade like movement ultimately abolished decades of military forms of discrimination and dishonorable discharges. Although there are a great many that seek to dissolve, it creates an opposition between both the hetero and homosexual communities. Social and political issues relevant to women and GLBT people in the U.S A political issue relevant to women would be health care reform. With the Affordable Care Act it provides advances for the women’s health issues. The current pending case on contraceptive insurance coverage is an endless debate women’s rights and health. An extraordinary and yet accomplished issue for the GLBT community is the recent strike down of Arkansas 2004 amendment prohibiting same sex marriage (Volsky, 2014). The original ban was in violation of the state constitution and the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. References Women’s International Center. (1994). Women’s History in America. Retrieved from http://www.wic.org/misc/history.htm U.S. Office of Art & Archives. (n.d.). The Women’s Rights Movement, 1848–1920. Retrieved from http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Historical-Essays/No-Lady/Womens-Rights/ Rainbo Organization. (2009). Organizations Fight for Womens Rights. Retrieved from http://www.rainbo.org/organizations-fight-for-womens-rights/ Sewall-Belmont House & Museum. (n.d.). Women’s History in the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.sewallbelmont.org/learn/womens-history-in-the-u-s/ Bader, E. J. (2014). Reproductive Justice and Women’s Equality: There is Some Good News!. Retrieved from http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/23588-reproductive-justice-and-womens-equality-there-is-some-good-news Volsky, Igor. (2014). Judge Strikes Down Arkansas’ Same-Sex Marriage Ban. Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/lgbt/2014/05/09/3436443/ju dge-invalidates-arkansas-b an-against-same-sex-marriage/ Morris, PhD, B. J. (2014). History of Lesbian, Gay, & Bisexual Social Movements. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/history.aspx Associate Program Material Diversity Organizations Worksheet Search the Internet for information related to the following: Women’s rights organizations Equality organizations Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) rights organizations Note. You may also refer to the Internet Resource Directory of Racial and Ethnic Groups. Complete the following table with notes and thoughts related to your findings: Site Thoughts/Notes Ford Foundation (http://www.fordfoundation.org) Supports inequality & discrimination Network building for women & human rights organizations against discrimination & inequality Equality Now (http://www.equalitynow.org) campaigns to raise awareness by highlighting individual cases of pervasive and severe violations against women and girls calls for the repeal of all laws that discriminate against women in accordance with international and regional human rights standards Human Rights Campaign (http://www.hrc.org/) organization working to achieve equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Americans represents a force of more than 1.5 million members and supporters nationwide mobilizes grassroots actions in diverse communities invests strategically to elect fair-minded individuals to office and educates the public about LGBT issues. Use your notes to aid in your responses to the questions below. You may need additional resources from the University Library to complete this activity. Write a 750 to 1,050- word paper answering the following questions: What has been the status of women in the United States throughout history? What is the status of women in the U.S. today? What are some examples of concepts or constructions of masculinity and femininity that you see in society and in media? Historically, what has been the social status of GLBT people? What is the status of GLBT people in the U.S. today? What are some social and political issues relevant to women and GLBT people in the U.S.? Provide citations for all the sources you use. Submit this Diversity Organizations worksheet and your paper as instructed by your facilitator.

Stan’s Future Self and Evil Cartman: Pop Culture Assignment

Stan’s Future Self and Evil Cartman: Pop Culture Assignment By: Sachman Aul In the article Stan’s Future Self and Evil Cartman, Shai Biderman’s purpose of writing this article is to explain the idea of personal identity in South Park. This part of the book is targeted towards anyone who is studying or learning philosophy due to the fact that Shai explores the views of many philosophers that you have to know to understand his point that he is trying to make in this chapter. Biderman uses South Park as a clever way to get the attention of new readers, or teenagers.Therefore, the article allows people to read on philosopher’s theories on personal identity, in such a way to target and adult audience. Shai’s argument in this chapter is that South Park contains the questions and answers of many of the most asked philosophic question: what makes us, us? In order for Shai to support his argument, he uses several philosophers’ views such as John Locke , David Hume and lastly Thomas Reid. At the start of the article, readers begin exploring Shai Bidermans argument on personal identity, and how many episodes of South Park are discussed where personal identity comes into question.For instance, the retelling of stories on the bus, Stan meets his alleged future self and when the boys find an alternate Cartman which deals with being in the same place at the same time, Stan’s clone, Jenifer Lopez being Cartman’s hand, and Cartman drinking Kenny’s ashes. Biderman states that the most important thing in personal identity happens to the be brain, therefore people will soon enough change over time due to the changes of the brain. But in the episode â€Å"The Biggest Douche in the Universe,† Biderman explains how the actor Rob Schneider’s new film, changes his characters however is still portrayed as Rob Schneider himself.David Hume states that each of us appear to be â€Å"a bundle or collection of differ ent perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement†. The concept behind Hume’s theory is that we all consist of feelings, consistently changing thoughts, and attitudes. In the article, it is quite clear that memory also plays its role in personal identity, and the change over time; therefore it is one’s memory that allows he or she to be the same â€Å"type† of person over time.John Locke happened to support the idea of memory, and stated â€Å"thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places† (pg. 207). However, Thomas Reid seemed to point out a downfall in the idea of memory, it may be important, but it doesn’t explain the true purpose for personal identity (pg. 208). Shai Biderman states that overall the question of personal identity is still in place. But what truly is it? Is it a sense of psychological experiences over time or better yet, physical experiences?It is without a doubt that this article tackled the arguments that were made by many supporting theories and the use of philosophers and other views. Therefore, it made it quite easy for any reader to get a general idea on the subject and the facts that were made related to pop culture, thus creating an interest for many. I truly believe that Shai Biderman’s arguments were definitely well supported with the evidence that was given, as well as the use of south park episodes to back up the argument.